Understanding the Law
Your child’s rights
所有生活在明尼苏达州的孩子都有权享受免费的公共教育.
明尼苏达州宪法要求所有的孩子都被给予 equal educational opportunity to an education, regardless of their race, ethnicity, religion, or sex, or whether they have disabilities, are rich or poor, or a citizen or non-citizen.
In 1993, 明尼苏达州最高法院将教育提升为“基本权利”,，使其实际上成为立法机关的“授权”. In other words, every child has fundamental right to a public education in Minnesota. 国家需要提供给他们.
Learn more about students’ rights to an education from the ACLU.
Learn more about due process for students who are suspended.
When can a child be removed from the classroom?
明尼苏达州的每个学区都可以决定自己的解雇政策.
In Minnesota, 每个学区的每个学校董事会(有336个学区，为850个学区服务,(000名学生)必须确定自己的政策，以确定“可能开除学生的理由”.”
By law, the grounds in every policy must include at least the following provisions 以及“董事会认为适当的其他理由:”
(a)严重破坏他人受教育权利的故意行为, 包括妨碍教师在课堂上教学或与学生有效沟通的能力，或妨碍其他学生学习的能力的行为;
(b)危及周围人的故意行为, including school district employees, the student or other students, or the property of the school; and
(c)故意违反董事会通过的纪律政策中规定的任何行为规则.
Learn more about 明尼苏达州学校纪律法规.
Find and contact your district 要求其学校纪律政策和程序.
隐性偏见是如何侵犯学生受教育的权利的
“中断”和“违规”的定义往往是主观的, 并由老师在课堂上的具体时间来决定 (96 percent of teachers in Minnesota are white).
这是另一种白人至上主义和种族主义观念每天在明尼苏达州的教室里上演，并把学生隔离在教室里的方式.
Recently, Minnesota Department of Human Rights found 大部分的停学和开除都是出于纯粹的主观原因. In addition, 近40%的停学和开除是由于“不服从和行为不端”——这些行为可以是学生说不好的话或翻白眼等任何行为.
如果你认为你孩子的权利受到了侵犯, contact the Minnesota ACLU 了解更多关于学生权利和下一步应采取的措施.
Learn more 关于如何帮助改变政策，结束明尼苏达州学校的种族主义行为.
Advocating for Your Child
如何准备与学校官员的会面
Set the right tone
- 以开放的心态倾听你的孩子、你的直觉和学校的工作人员.
- Assume positive intent.
- 尊重学校员工，即使你觉得自己不受尊重. This might mean you need to take a calm, 信任的朋友和你一起参加会议，或者你有时需要为自己找个借口.
Understand the law
- Familiarize yourself with your child’s rights. 这个网站是一个资源，并且有许多其他资源的链接来帮助你维护你孩子的权利.
Document everything
- 维护适当的文件对倡导至关重要. If it’s not in writing, it didn’t happen.
- Keep meticulous records, including notes from meetings, letters to and from the school, and school records. 记录你的孩子每次放学回家的时间.
- 把给决策者的电话和各种形式的信件记录下来.
- After meetings, 给学校写一封信或电子邮件，说明所发生的事情以及双方同意的下一步是什么.
- Do not rely on memory and writing alone. 创造性地使用照片、录音带和其他交流方式.
Meeting with school officials
1. Get your district’s policy in writing
Every public school district, including charter schools, 必须有纪律政策来解释停学的规则. 您或您的学生应在年初收到一份本政策的副本或摘要.
学区必须向您和您的学生提供一份书面的开除/排除通知书. This notice must include a complete statement of the facts; a list of witnesses and description of testimony; date, time, and place of the hearing; and a copy of the Pupil Fair Dismissal Act (PFDA).
Learn more about the expulsion hearing and PFDA
2. Meet with school officials and ask for details
If your child has been suspended, it’s important to get the facts, meet with school officials, and ask questions about the situation, including:
- What rule did my child break? May I see this rule in writing? What did my child do to break the rule?
- 违反这条规则的正常惩罚是什么? 对于第一次、第二次或第三次违反这条规则有不同的惩罚吗? Are these things in writing?
- Why is my child receiving extra punishment?
- Where was my child when this happened? Who was the teacher in charge? 事故发生时老师在哪里?
- 发生这种事的时候周围还有哪些学生或员工? What are their accounts of the incident?
- Were other students involved in this incident? What punishment did the other students receive? Why is their punishment different?
- Exactly what did each person do? Exactly what did each person say?
- 老师能不能换个方式处理这件事?
- Has my child had similar problems before? Is this documented in writing?
- 这样的惩罚会导致我的孩子不及格或被留级吗?
- Can my child make up his schoolwork and tests?
- 学校可以做些什么来帮助我的孩子，避免将来出现这样的问题? 例如，我的孩子是否可以在课堂上换座位或被转移到其他班级?
Understanding IEP
每个孩子都是独特的，学习的方式也不同.
The Individualized Education Program (IEP)是一份文件，列出你的学区将为你的孩子免费提供的特殊教育和相关服务. 它是为那些接受过评估和需要特殊教育的儿童而开发的
IEP服务将基于从评价中收集的信息, state and district assessments, 以及det365手机版计划目标和通识教育课程的当前成就水平. IEP提供IEP会议决策的书面记录.
Learn more 关于IEP和过程，以及它对学生的意义.
How can parents participate in developing IEPs?
IEP文件是特殊教育过程的基石，也是您的孩子得到服务的关键. 了解孩子的IEP，并积极参与其中, 你可以帮助你的孩子接受他或她需要的教育和服务. 作为家长，你有权让他们用可理解的语言向你解释信息.
你知道孩子的长处和需要，你应该和IEP小组的其他成员讨论一下. 家长和老师都应该对孩子有较高的期望. 帮助制定目标，使你的孩子尽可能地变得独立和富有成效, you may want to ask yourself:
- What do I want for my child?
- What can they do now?
- 我们需要做什么才能让我的孩子获得新技能?
Together, you, school personnel, and others can discuss, plan, 并实施一个特殊的教育计划来满足你孩子的需要. IEP没有蓝图或处方. Te IEP team, which includes the parent(s), 是否会开发出一套能满足孩子个人和特殊需求的课程.
Download A Guide to the IEP for Minnesota Parents from Pacer.org.
What about my my rights as a parent? What if I disagree with the placement?
From the Minnesota Department of Education:
特殊教育服务对残疾儿童很有帮助. 当出现误解或问题时，如何使特殊教育服务为你和你的孩子工作, 父母权利通知是一个开始.
父母权利通知(也称为程序保障)概述了你的父母特殊教育权利. 这些权利与18至21岁的成年学生享有的权利相同. 该通知涉及关键权利，如提供知情同意和不同意地区的程序.
你需要阅读父母权利通知，以了解你的特殊教育权利. 有时候有些权利父母不知道时已经太迟了, 比如反对一个地区提出的个性化教育计划(IEP)的时间表.
Learn more about parental rights 以及如何找到程序保障和法律援助.
Download additional IEP Meeting Checklists
而IEP会议已经被学校团队挤得满满的了, 如果你的“主队”中有一个成员很了解你的孩子, 邀请他们一起来提供他们的见解.
Download this PDF of additional things to bring to your meeting.
Additional Resources & Support
Find parent support in Minneapolis
How to file a discrimination complaint
det365手机版，支持明尼苏达州学校的教育公正.
要求文化响应式教学和文化响应式积极行为干预和支持(CRPBIS).
CRPBIS的学校团队建立了与学生的学术和社会行为相关的明确定义的结果, systems that support staff efforts, practices that support student success, and data to guide decision-making.
Learn more 关于明尼苏达州的计划，以及你的学校和地区是否支持CRBIS.
Demand alternatives to suspensions.
开发停学的替代方法和实施基于证据的干预措施，有助于减少因纪律事件而停学的情况，并使学生留在学校学习.
Ask how 你的学校或地区支持停学.
Email your school superintendent.
联系你所在学区的成员，要求他们支持消除明尼苏达州学校纪律差异的基本做法.
View form letter.
Email your legislator.
联系你的立法者，告诉他们立即行动起来，支持PESLB培训和政策，以结束明尼苏达州学校的纪律差异.
View form letter.
Sign up for our School Climate Network.
我们正在协调一个由教育工作者和倡导者组成的团队，为消除明尼苏达州学校的差距制定解决方案和循证实践, including implicit bias training in Critical Race Theory for educators; focusing on emotional learning and counselors instead police presence; positive behavioral interventions and supports; and advocating for and demanding systems change to end ongoing racist practices and exclusionary policies that harm students.
Join us.